Minggu, 28 September 2014

Grammar Stage (Present Participle)



Present Participle 


Present participle or active participle is a word derived from a verb that ends in “ing” and used as an adjective. It is used as:

1          
                1. Verbs in Continuous.

·         I am typing a word in my computer
·         Brown is waiting Cony in her house.
·         We are reading English poetry book.

         2.  Noun Modifier.
    
    The noun modified actively does something.

     Compare the two different “ing” forms ing below.


Gerund


Present Participle
Used as noun
Used as adjective
With hyphen
Without hyphen
The first word stressed
Both stressed
The noun passively does something
The noun modified actively does something
Meaning: profession, something used for...
e.g : - Dining-room
        - Dining-table
        - Waiting-room. etc
e.g :
- Crying child
- Singing bird
- Shining sun
 

         3.      Used after verbs of sensation: see, hear, watch, feel, notice, listen to, observe, look at (+        `present participle and V1)

You can hear the children playing = you can hear the children play.
I see him drawing my picture = I see him draw my picture.
I watch Mr. Smith painting his house = I watch Mr. Smith paint his house.
Compare:
a.       I saw her sing. ( I saw the complete action from beginning to end)
b.      I saw her singing. ( I saw her when she was in the middle of something)


The other verbs followed by present participle ONLY are catch, find, keep, leave, smell WITHOUT V1.
a.       The boss keeps everyone working very hard
b.      Can you smell something burning?
c.       She found him reading her letter.
                  d.      He will catch all of your throwing chalk. 

4. Used as active participle phrase / adjective phrase.

a.       The boy is my friend. He is wearing a black shirt
       The boy who is wearing a black shirt is my friend.
       The boy wearing a black shirt is my friend ( active participle phrase/adj. Phrase)
b.      The boy is my brother. He is writing a message.
       The boy who is writing a message is my brother.
       The boy writing a message is my brother. (active participle phrase/adj.    phrase)